EffectiveC++
- 视C++为一个语言联邦(View C++ as a federation of languages)
- 尽量以const, enum, inline替换#define(Prefer consts, enums, and inlines to #defines)
- 尽可能使用const(Use const whenever possible)
- 确定对象被使用前已先被初始化(Make sure that objects are initialized before they’re used.).初始化列表的作用与好处
- 了解C++默默编写并调用哪些函数(Know what functions C++ silently writes and calls)
- 若不想使用编译器自动生成的函数，就该明确拒绝(Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want)
- 为多态基类声明virtual析构函数(Declare destructors virtual in polymorphic base classes)
- 别让异常逃离析构函数(Prevent exceptions from leaving destructors)
- 绝不在构造和析构过程中调用virtual函数(Never call virtual functions during construction or destruction)
- 令operator=返回一个reference to *this(Have assignment operators return a reference to *this)
- 在operator=中处理”自我赋值”(Handle assignment to self in operator=)
- 复制对象时勿忘其每一个成分(Copy all parts of an object)
- 以对象管理资源(Use objects to manage resources)
- 在资源管理类中小心copying行为(Think carefully about copying behavior in resource-managing classes)
- 在资源管理类中提供对原始资源的访问(Provide access to raw resources in resource-managing classes)
- 成对使用new和delete时要采用相同形式(Use the same form in corresponding uses of new and delete)
- 以独立语句将newed对象置入智能指针(Store newed objects in smart pointers in standalone statements)
- 让接口容易被正确使用，不易被误用(Make interface easy to use correctly and hard to use incorrectly)
- 设计class犹如设计type(Treat class design as type design)
- 宁以pass-by-reference-to-const替换pass-by-value(Prefer pass-by-reference-to-const to pass-by-value)
- 必须返回对象时，别妄想返回其reference(Don’t try to return a reference when you must return an object)
- 将成员变量声明为private(Declare data members private)
- 宁以non-member、non-friend替换member函数(Prefer non-member non-friend functions to member functions)
- 若所有参数皆需类型转换，请为此采用non-member函数(Declare non-member functions when type conversions should apply to all parameters)
- 考虑写出一个不抛异常的swap函数(Consider support for a non-throwing swap)
- 尽可能延后变量定义式的出现时间(Postpone variable definitions as long as possible)
- 尽量少做转型动作(Minimize casting)
- 避免返回handles指向对象内部成分(Avoid returning “handles” to object internals)
- 为”异常安全”而努力是值得的(Strive for exception-safe code)
- 透彻了解inlining的里里外外(Understand the ins and outs of inlining)
- 将文件间的编译依存关系降至最低(Minimize compilation dependencies between files)
- 确定你的public继承塑模出is-a关系(Make sure public inheritance models “is-a”)
- 避免遮挡继承而来的名称(Avoid hiding inherited names)
- 区分接口继承和实现继承(Differentiate between inheritance of interface and inheritance of implementation)
- 考虑virtual函数以外的其它选择(Consider alternatives to virtual functions)
- 绝不重新定义继承而来的non-virtual函数(Never redefine an inherited non-virtual function)
- 绝不重新定义继承而来的缺省参数值(Never redefine a function’s inherited default parameter value)
- 通过复合塑模出has-a或”根据某物实现出”(Model “has-a” or “is-implemented-in-terms-of” through composition)
- 明智而审慎地使用private继承(Use private inheritance judiciously)
- 明智而审慎地使用多重继承(Use multiple inheritance judiciously)
- 了解隐式接口和编译期多态(Understand implicit interfaces and compile-time polymorphism)
- 了解typename的双重意义(Understand the two meanings of typename)
- 学习处理模板化基类内的名称(Know how to access names in templatized base classes)
- 将与参数无关的代码抽离templates(Factor parameter-independent code out of templates)
- 运用成员函数模板接受所有兼容类型(Use member function templates to accept “all compatible types”)
- 需要类型转换时请为模板定义非成员函数(Define non-member functions inside templates when type conversions are desired)
- 请使用traits classes表现类型信息(Use traits classes for information about types)
- 认识template元编程(Be aware of template metaprogramming)
- 了解new-handler的行为(Understand the behavior of the new-handler)
- 了解new和delete的合理替换时机(Understand when it makes sense to replace new and delete)
- 编写new和delete时需固守常规(Adhere to convention when writing new and delete)
- 写了placement new也要写placement delete(Write placement delete if you write placement new)
- 不要轻忽编译器的警告(Pay attention to compiler warnings)
- 让自己熟悉包括RT1在内的标准程序库(Familiarize yourself with the standard library, including TR1)
- 让自己熟悉Boost(Familiarize yourself with Boost)